Barillet contenant 240 drosophiles soumises à un conditionnement en vue d'un test de mémoire

Cylinder containing 240 fruit flies for conditioning before a memory test. First, they are exposed to an odour together with an immediate electric shock. They are then exposed to a different odour without any shock. This cycle may be repeated several times to engage their long-term memory. The third phase, which takes place on another device, involves placing the flies between the first odour, on one side, and the second odour, on the other. It seems that the number of conditioned fruit flies that move towards the second odour (without a shock) is 30-40% higher in comparison to so-called "naive" (unconditioned) fruit flies. Other parameters can also be analysed, such as how social signals or nutrients present in food affect memory. The aim of these tests is to understand how learning works, and more specifically how neural networks function during this process.