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Jean Rouch, an anthropologist filmmaker

A pioneer in the field of ethnographic filmmaking, and an expert on Africa, Jean Rouch spent decades travelling across the entire continent, shining a light on African cultures. Here we look back at the life and works of this revolutionary filmmaker.

Jean Rouch examining the elements that could be used to restore some of his films
Jean Rouch examining the elements that could be used to restore some of his films
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Director of the Cinémathèque Française, a researcher at CNRS, and General Secretary of the Comité du film ethnographique, Jean Rouch is a pivotal figure in the history of ethnographic filmmaking. He applied a ground-breaking technique and a highly personal approach to fieldwork, which Jean-Luc Godard described as sending shockwaves through French filmmaking.

He was working as a French colonial civil engineer when he began to see Africa through the eyes of the ethnographer. Using a small hand-held 16mm camera, he documented the fascinating and intriguing mythologies of Africa, creating a new style of documentary filmmaking which he himself called "direct cinema".

Holding his camera at shoulder-height, to film in the thick of action, Jean Rouch’s films are characterised by long sequence shots, usually with a pared-down commentary explaining what he was filming in a bid to be as precise and objective as possible.

Although his early documentary films were seen as shocking, attracting fierce criticism for transgressing limits and being too violent for French audiences at the time, Jean Rouch continued to make his ethnographic, sociological and "ethno-fiction" documentaries of the people he met. Influenced by Surrealism, by the works of Marcel Griaule in Dogon country, in Mali, and drawn to the underlying rules of inspiration and intuition, he captured the processes of change on the African continent on film, mirroring them against the changes taking place in French society.

Going much further than scientific necessities or institutional constraints, Rouch was fully conscious of the fact that he was constructing his own body of work, providing fuel for debate in the field of modern anthropology, as well as new forms of cinematographic "writing" that would inspire French New Wave filmmakers.

With a string of awards to his name, including Venice, Cannes and Berlin, Jean Rouch died in 2004 at the age of 86, in a car accident in Niger, his adopted country. French newspaper Le Monde dubbed him the "White sorcerer of Africa and of filmmaking", a reference to the enthusiasm inspired by his films in cinemas across Africa, where he was seen as a true pioneer. Here we invite you to (re)discover some of his most influential works.

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Jean Rouch examinant les éléments pouvant servir à la restauration de certains de ses films

Jean Rouch examines elements that could be used to restore certain films by Jean Rouch, before transferring them to his laboratory. He''s on the top floor of building I at the Meudon Bellevue campus, where the exploration workshop was located.

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Jean Rouch examinant les éléments pouvant servir à la restauration de certains de ses films
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Sigui 1967

Beginning of the sextenary festival of the Sigui among the Dogon of the Bandiagara cliff, in Mali. This first ceremony takes place at the village of Yougo Dogorou. The men, shaved and dressed in ritual clothes of the Sigui, enter the public square dancing the snake dance. They honor the terraces of the famous dead of the last sixty years and go to drink the sacramental millet beer.

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Sigui 1967
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Daouda Sorko

In the village of Simiri, Niger, fisherman Daouda is also a priest of the cult of Dongo, the god of Thunder for the Songhay people. He tells the god's legend by illustrating his account with drawings sketched in the sand at his feet. This version of the film is available in the original version without subtitles.

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Daouda Sorko
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Tribute to Marcel Mauss: Germaine Dieterlen

The Dogon mythology is revealed in the ritual paintings of the Songo canopy in Mali. This sacred place is where circumcision rites are performed, along with the Sigui ceremonies that commemorate the revelation of speech to man. The myth ends here to become History 60 miles up north, in a cave where stand the ruins of a Tellem village, the first to have been occupied by the Dogon migrants. Throughout this movie, French ethnologist Germaine Dieterlen is sharing her knowledge about these two…

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Tribute to Marcel Mauss: Germaine Dieterlen
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Germaine at home

Jean Rouch and two journalists from the magazine Jeune Afrique, Brice Ahounou and Mahmoud Maïga pay a visit to the ethnologist Germaine Dieterlen to talk about her life and professional career. She recalls the interwar period, when Paris had become the capital of Jazz. Then, after portraying her professor Marcel Mauss and Georges-Henri Rivière, she talks about Dogon culture in Mali, while coming back with Jean Rouch to the ceremonies of the Sigui that they captured together in a series of…

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Germaine at home
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Working to the beat

A group of women is pounding millet to the rhythm of a song, a farmer is hoeing his field in tempo, and a man is dancing to the sound of drums during a ritual of possession. Those are scenes taken from previous films by Jean Rouch. The three sequences illustrates in their own way the importance of song and music in everyday life in Niger, whether in everyday chores, in working the land or during rituals.

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Working to the beat
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1967-to-1973 Sigui and the invention of speech and death (The)

The Sigui is a traveling ritual celebrated every sixty years for seven consecutive years in the different groups of Dogon villages on the Bandiagara cliff. It commemorates the revelation of the spoken word to men and the death and funeral of the first ancestor. French ethnologist Marcel Griaule was the first to collect first data on the progress of these celebrations in 1931. - In 1966, the Hogon, a religious leader, announces the time of the Sigui for the following year. - In 1967, in the…

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1967-to-1973 Sigui and the invention of speech and death (The)
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Germaine and her friends

With his colleagues and friends Djamgouno and Pangalé, Jean Rouch films Germaine Dieterlen' s journey as she sets out to meet the places and people that have marked her life as an ethnologist. After a first stop to greet a Malian met many years before at a local festival, Germaine and her friends settle down not far from a cliff she once explored. She depicts and tells the story of a place which, by the very admission of this pioneer of ethnography, is far from having surrendered all its…

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Germaine and her friends
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A Friendly Handshake

From the bridges of Porto to its estuary, two men are paying tribute to the elegant Douro River. Through Luís de Camões and Prince Henry the Navigator, through its Viking ships and dizzying bridges, the Douro is a great witness of the history and culture of Portugal. Jean Rouch and Manoel de Oliveira are walking alongside while reciting a poem written by de Oliveira himself. During their walk, they are reflecting upon documentary making, the charm of the river and what it represents to them.

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A Friendly Handshake
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Celebrations in Niger

In December 1961, Niger celebrates the first anniversary of its independence. But it is also an occasion to commemorate its status of an independent republic, proclaimed on 18 December 1958. This event also brings the inhabitants of the different regions of Niger to meet and fraternise and also an invitation to representatives of all local ethnic groups to a grand parade celebrating the unity and cultural richness of the country. With ambassadors from countries all around the world attending,…

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Celebrations in Niger
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Me tired standing, me lying down

Tallou lost a camel. He goes to visit Gaoberi, the talking tree with his friends Lam and Damouré and they lie down there. A local legend has it that whoever falls asleep in the shade of a reclining tree will see his dream come true when he wakes up. A portrait of Niger with its legends, mysteries and mystical and religious practices emerges through the dreams, stories and travels of the three men. But this film is above all a tribute Jean Rouch paid to his three inseparable friends and…

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Me tired standing, me lying down
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Zomo and his brothers

Damouré Zika who was a long-time collaborator of Jean Rouch had many children. Zomo is one of them and he takes us on a tour of the Niamey zoo where he works. He then introduces us to the Super Gawey Orchestra (originally "Orchestre Super Damouré") that he created with his brothers and sisters. The artists play their repertoire on makeshift drums and stage a dance inspired by their father's most famous film, "Cocorico, monsieur poulet" (Cocka-doodle-doo Mr. Chicken).

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Zomo and his brothers
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Jean Rouch et Anne Pascal examinant les éléments pouvant servir à une restauration de films

Jean Rouch and Anne Pascal examine elements that could be used to restore certain films by Jean Rouch, before transferring them to his laboratory. They are on the top floor of building I at the Meudon Bellevue campus, where the exploration workshop was located. As of 2017, Anne Pascal is chair of the charity "Les Trois Quarts du Monde".

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Jean Rouch et Anne Pascal examinant les éléments pouvant servir à une restauration de films
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Jean Rouch examinant les éléments pouvant servir à la restauration de certains de ses films

Jean Rouch examines elements that could be used to restore certain films by Jean Rouch, before transferring them to his laboratory. He''s on the top floor of building I at the Meudon Bellevue campus, where the exploration workshop was located.

Photo
20170038_0008
Jean Rouch examinant les éléments pouvant servir à la restauration de certains de ses films

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