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When science supports athletes

Science is of great help to athletes who want to push their limits. A fruitful collaboration highlighted in the Paris metro by a gigantic fresco designed by CNRS in partnership with RATP.

Étude du mouvement d’un grimpeur sur un prototype de mur d’escalade de vitesse miniaturisé.
Étude du mouvement d’un grimpeur sur un prototype de mur d’escalade de vitesse miniaturisé.

© Cyril Frésillon / GIPSA-lab / CNRS Images

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Of course talent is also a factor, and it is a safe bet that we will never really get past the eternal nature or nurture debate. But high-level sport, where results are measured in millimetres or thousandths of a second, is above all a matter of constant improvement, of minute adjustments, of infinite repetitions and thousands of hours of work. Moreover, as records fall, we can legitimately begin to wonder what our limits might be. This is where science can play a vital role. When bodies are pushed to their limits, we can help them by calculating the optimal trajectory, improving equipment through revolutionary innovation, specific preparation that improves concentration and recovery... Many scientific disciplines are thus being put to use for the benefit of athletes, particularly on the eve of the Paris 2024 Olympic Games! And top athletes are not the only ones involved. Science can also help people with disabilities who want to continue doing sport, providing them with ever more appropriate tools, and helping them to develop their abilities, but also to improve their everyday lives.

These fruitful and multiple collaborations between athletes and scientists are the subject of a large fresco produced by CNRS, in partnership with RATP, and displayed in the corridors of the Montparnasse-Bienvenüe metro station, in Paris, from 11 May to 6 July 2023. Its aim is give the general public a better understanding of everything that science can bring to athletes, in many disciplines.

To mark this occasion, we have provided a selection of reports for you to read on the various ways in which science can serve athletes.

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Les sportifs de hauts niveaux ne travaillent pas uniquement leurs muscles, ils entraînent également leurs cerveaux. C'est le cas avec la visualisation mentale. Une équipe de scientifiques du CNRS étudient l'activité cérébrale des athlètes lorsqu'ils s'imaginent réaliser des gestes techniques. Ils ont aussi mis au point un outil à disposition des sportifs pour intégrer l'imagerie motrice dans leur préparation.

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Dans la tête des athlètes
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After an accident that left him quadriplegic, the physicist Vance Bergeron decided to devote his research to functional electrical stimulation with the help of his former doctoral student Amine Metani. It is based on a technology that uses electromagnetic fields to stimulate specific areas of muscles. The two researchers jointly created the start-up company Circles which develops innovative solutions to make it possible for people with disabilities to resume a sporting activity. They designed…

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Circles
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If our five “classical” senses exist to help us sound our environment, our sixth sense has more to do with the inside of our body. In this video, discover the latest research on proprioception, the sense of balance, of relative position and of agility, which plays a fundamental role in all our movements, whether for turning off an alarm clock in the morning, or for successfully making a free throw during a basketball game. The results of these studies could also help people with disorders that…

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Proprioception, our sixth sense
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Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904), a physiologist and precursor of the cinema, invented some improved apparatus for measuring life processes and wrote a thesis on the circulation of the blood.His sphygmograph uses a sensor to measure arterial blood pressure. He also invented a cardiograph, the ancestor of the electrocardiogram which measures heart rhythms. Athletic effort can be measured via the variation and strength of the signal. The principles underlying these measurements have remained the…

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Etienne-Jules Marey: measuring the living

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