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Head in the stars

During the night of July 5 to 6, the Earth will reach its "aphelion", which is the farthest distance from the Sun. This is an opportunity to discover the latest and most powerful telescopes, which allow us to observe our Universe like never before...

The Pic du Midi Observatory in the moonlight
The Pic du Midi Observatory in the moonlight

© Hubert Raguet / Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS / Observatoire de Paris / Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées / CNRS Images

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During the night of July 5 to 6, 2021, at exactly 00:27 in France, the Earth will reach its aphelion. That means it will be 152,100,527.044 km far from the Sun, the greatest possible distance between our planet and its star. The aphelion is the point in the orbit of an object (planet, comet...) most distant from its star; perihelion on the other hand is when it is closest to its star.

While this event may not be front-page news or have any particular effect on our daily lives, astronomers certainly find it interesting. Stars and planets are after all their passion, and they have not been standing around idle, assisted by increasingly ingenious engineers, in order to create extraordinary equipment to observe the night sky. This has led to a new generation of incredibly powerful telescopes and instruments emerging everywhere from France to Chile, pushing back the limits of the observable Universe and allowing us to explore never before seen regions.

For example, at the Pic du Midi planetology station, the recent infrared camera developed by David Darson takes new images of our solar system while using fewer resources. However, it is in Chile, where low light pollution and close proximity to the equator provide an excellent observation point, that the most ambitious telescopes have been set up in recent years. The Very Large Telescope (VLT) is one of the most widely used instruments in the world, producing more than one scientific publication per day on average. It allows us to observe galaxies at the very edge of the Universe through the Muse and Sphere instruments, produced in French laboratories, and whose incredible history we will be telling you about. Also in Chile, the LSST (Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) is preparing to map the entire Universe in 3D, to produce a 'film' that will help us understand its structure and dynamics. The objective is to learn more about dark matter and dark energy that make up 95% of the cosmos, and also to identify possible near-Earth objects, asteroids that could collide with Earth. Once again, CNRS scientists were involved in the creation of this extraordinary tool. So we invite you to look up at the sky with us through the most incredible telescopes on our planet, and to walk among the stars...

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Cosmic rays are those accelerated subatomic particles of unknown origin constantly showering the Earth and whose energy for some of them equates that of a shotgun bullet. The film is a short overview of current detectors and research paths for the years to come. A longer version of this film entitled “Radio cosmic” is available.

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Mystery of cosmic rays (The)
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With an average of over one scientific article a day being published, the Very Large Telescope (VLT) is the astronomic observatory with the biggest scientific output in the world. As shown in this video, 2015 is to be a year abounding with discoveries especially with the Muse and Sphere instruments produced in French laboratories and mounted in Chile over the last year. This video was created from VLT, as a gateway to the stars. It is a film by Roland Bacon, astrophysicist, to be viewed via…

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VLT enters into service (The)
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In operation since June 2014, the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch instrument (SPHERE), attached to one of the four mirrors of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, was designed for the direct observation of extrasolar planets. Light reflected by exoplanets is much fainter than that of their neighboring stars, making direct detection very difficult. SPHERE combines a number of technologies to obtain extremely high-contrast images in the area around the star to identify…

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A new eye on distant worlds
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Within 35 minutes the film explores the inspiration and the story behind MUSE, why it was needed how it came into life over a nine year long development phase. It highlights the needed international European cooperation to realise the project and the participation of some of the hundreds of researchers, technicians and engineers involved. The innovative technology of MUSE and the front-line science done with it are discussed as well. Also the delicate installation process and the moment of…

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MUSE, the Cosmic Time Machine
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Sofia is a Boeing 747 like no other. Run by NASA and the DLR, the German space agency, this aircraft was specially modified to accommodate a telescope. Come on board with astrophysicist Olivier Berné and jet to the stratosphere to observe the nebula of Orion, where stars are born.

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A Flight to Orion
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NOEMA (NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array) is the most powerful millimetre radio telescope in the northern hemisphere. Located on the Bure plateau, in the Hautes-Alpes, the observatory will eventually consist of 12 antennae that will form a single large radio telescope capable of revealing the invisible thanks to interferometry. Equipped with a new generation of receivers and electronics, these antennas will be able to capture the coldest light emitted by the universe, around 250°C. The…

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NOEMA, a new vista on the invisible
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NOEMA (NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array) is the most powerful millimetre radio telescope in the northern hemisphere. Located on the Bure plateau, in the Hautes-Alpes, the observatory will eventually consist of 12 antennae that will form a single large radio telescope capable of revealing the invisible thanks to interferometry. Equipped with a new generation of receivers and electronics, these antennas will be able to capture the coldest light emitted by the universe, around 250°C. The…

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NOEMA, a new vista on the invisible

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