Replis de la muqueuse intestinale d’une souris observés en microspcopie confocale multi-couleur

Folds in the intestinal lining of a mouse, observed using multicolour confocal microscopy. These folds, known as intestinal villi, form columns, the purpose of which is to maximise the intestine's absorbent surface area. This image was acquired in the intestine of a mouse that had been genetically modified to randomly express various colours in each of these cells. As the colour of a cell thus marked is inherited by its daughter cells during the cell-division process, rapidly proliferating cells form clearly-identifiable rows of cells of the same colour, lining the surface of the villi. This image was obtained by combining several lasers, including a white-light laser that generates a wide range of excitation wavelengths, enabling multiple colour fluorescent proteins to be imaged. A high-power oil-immersion objective lens was used. With confocal microscopy, laser beams scan the specimen at high speed, point by point. This technique can be used to produce thin optical cross-sections (at different altitudes in a thick specimen) and very precisely indicate the locations of numerous entities and cell types in a tissue slice. These optical cross-sections are then stacked to generate 3D images of the specimens. This enables scientists to compare the locations and numbers of entities in various circumstances, such as in patients suffering from diseases, for example, in order to shed light on the workings of the immune system. This technique is now widely used in laboratories, and is constantly being improved in terms of its resolution and sensitivity, as well as the possible colours and contrasts.