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Quantum physics in all its forms

Since the 20th century, quantum physics has enabled a series of technological innovations that have revolutionised our daily lives (transistor, laser, etc.). Nowadays, research focuses on quantum computers, simulators and sensors as well as spintronics.

Puce supraconductrice dans son porte échantillon
Puce supraconductrice dans son porte échantillon

© Hubert RAGUET / Alice&Bob / LPENS / CNRS Images

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Quantum computers are attracting growing interest because of their revolutionary potential, particularly in computing. Our computers and smartphones process pieces of information one by one in the form of bits, a unit which has only two values, 0 or 1. Qubits, or quantum bits, unlike classical bits, can be both 0 and 1 at the same time. This is the quantum superposition phenomenon, which allows quantum computers to process vast amounts of information all at the same time. Qubits also play a crucial role in the transmission of secure information: quantum entanglement (interactions of qubits linked together) and one of its applications, quantum cryptography (transmission of tamper-proof data), can ensure absolute confidentiality.

Quantum simulators are being developed to simulate complex physical systems, such as quantum materials, as conventional computers are not currently unable to resolve the equation systems that govern these systems.

Quantum sensors, however, use quantum properties to improve the sensitivity and precision of sensing devices used in medicine, telecommunications, etc. Extremely sensitive qubits allow physical quantities to be measured with unparalleled accuracy, opening up new prospects in the field of medical imaging for example.

Finally, spintronics is a branch of physics that looks at how the intrinsic spin (quantum property) of electrons can be used to store, handle and send information. Spintronic devices include ultra-dense magnetic data storage devices and quantum transistors.

Discover through images the extent of the research being done in quantum physics in CNRS laboratories.

Keywords: quantum physics, atoms, quantum mechanics, spintronics, quantum sensors, quantum simulators, quantum computers, qubits, quantum computing, spintronics

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A l'occasion de sa deuxième participation à VivaTech, le rendez-vous européen consacré à l'innovation technologique, le CNRS présente un échantillon de son savoir-faire dans la deeptech à travers différentes start-up issues de ses laboratoires. Plusieurs start-up françaises issues du CNRS sont investies dans la course aux ordinateurs quantiques. Parmi elles, Quandela développe un processeur pour le calcul quantique, où l'information est traitée par des photons grâce à une…

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Défis des technologies quantiques de demain (Les)
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This film derives from the Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies DVD. Physicist Etienne Klein traces the history of quantum physics and shows how it gradually forced scientists to question seemingly established notions in classical physics. In particular, classical physics distinguishes two clearly separated categories of objects: particles and waves, whereas a quantum object may behave alternatively as a wave or as a particle. One of the controversial theoretical consequences of quantum…

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Quantum physics: an introduction
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Michel Burnier, a sociologist, has interviewed twenty scientists from various disciplines about the future of science and culture. The number 9 of this series is dedicated to Etienne Klein, a physicist, a specialist in materials sciences and in quantum theory, and an epistemology professor at the Ecole Centrale of Paris.

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Etienne Klein
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As a passionate researcher and teacher, Jean Dalibard has never stopped playing with light and matter, which for him, are "the fundamentals of the physical world". He contributed to the emergence and influence of a new discipline, cold atoms. Throughout his career, including thirty years at the CNRS, this eminent researcher has distinguished himself by the originality of his approach. His theory and experiments are at the heart of atomic physics and radiation research. …

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Gold Medal 2021: Jean Dalibard, explorer of the quantum world
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The physicist Alain Aspect, a director at the Laboratory Charles Fabry, within the Institute of Optics located in Orsay, has received the CNRS Gold medal in 2005 for his works on quantum optics and atomic physics. In this film, he recounts his career and describes his researches. He proved the non-validity of the Bell ' s theorem.

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Alain Aspect
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Portrait d'Anaïs Dréau, médaille de bronze 2022 du CNRS, chargée de recherche CNRS en physique au Laboratoire Charles Coulomb dans l'équipe Technologies quantiques à l'état solide, spécialiste des spectroscopies optiques et de spin de défauts atomiques ponctuels dans les matériaux semi-conducteurs Anaïs Dréau explore et exploite la nature quantique de défauts uniques dans les matériaux semi-conducteurs qui peuvent se révéler utiles dans le domaine des technologies quantiques…

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Médaille de bronze 2022 : Anaïs Dréau, physicienne, chargée de recherche

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