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Proteins are macromolecules at the basis of the cell functions of living organisms. To know their functions, one must know their structure for the shape is closely related to the function. Using X-rays cristallography it is possible to visualize molecular structures. When an organic molecule in solution evaporate, a crystal deposit is formed. The crystals, lighted by an X-rays beam, produce a diffraction pattern which is used to reconstruct the structure of the molecule. The source for X…

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Architects of life
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Jean-Pierre Adolphe, a researcher in geomicrobiology, harvests a bacterium called “Bacillus”, which has the particularity to produce limestone. With his team, this researcher cultivates in laboratory the harvested sediments, in order to isolate these microorganisms and to make them reproduce after having determined precisely their nutritive needs. His project is to use these bacteria in order to make them produce stone which could be used to restore monuments and statues damaged by time and…

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The Living Stone
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Researchers at INSERM describe their works on the skin. They study the functions of the various cells which constitute the dermis and the epidermis : Langershans cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes. The aim of these researchs is to be able to regenerate the skin after an injury. For doing this, they must understand adhesion between dermis and epidermis and the rebuilding mechanism of the epidermis. In laboratories, cultures of cells are used to regenerate the skin of badly burnt patients.

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A Change of Skin

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